Motherhood

Introduction

        Parents of teens often places the teen mother and child at high risk for a variety of negative personal and social, which is an increased risk for abusive parents (Schellenbach, Whitman, and Borkowski, 1992). Teenage mothers and their children are more at risk than children of mothers adults (Bolton, 2000).

Women under age 20 are more susceptible to maternal complications than women aged 20 and over (Eure, Lindsay and Graves, 2002; Kiragu and Zabin, 1998). Among the 50 developing countries surveyed, an average of 23% of adolescents, including married and unmarried women have given birth or are pregnant. teenage pregnancy is most common in sub-Saharan Africa, 25% of women aged 15-19. Central African Republic, Chad, Guinea, Madagascar, Mali and Niger, more than one third of adolescent girls are pregnant or have had a child (Eure, Lindsay and Graves, 2002).

On average, among the 16 surveys in Latin America and the Caribbean, 19% of all adolescents have begun childbearing. The levels are higher in El Salvador and Nicaragua, 25%. In nine countries surveyed in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, about 8% of teenage mothers are.

Most adolescents who are married or in union already has children. In Latin America and the Caribbean, on average, 80% of married adolescents have children, and in sub-Saharan Africa, 73%. Among all developing countries surveyed, South Africa has the lowest proportion of married adolescents who have begun to bear children, 50%. Elsewhere, the highest level of pregnancies among unmarried women ages 15-19 in Nicaragua, 10%, Nigeria, 30% and 29% in Ghana (Eure, Lindsay and Graves, 2002).

Predictors of the highest incidence of teenage pregnancies among teenage mothers have been examined in a series of studies. Connelly and Strauss (1992) found that the age of the mother of his first child was born was an important predictor of the occurrence of teenage mothers. This relationship held even when other variables - like income, race, education, number of children and age of the child - have been checked. Bolton (2000) pointed out that there are many contextual similarities between parents of adolescents and adolescent mothers - such as poverty, social isolation, and poor understanding of child development - which can collectively provide the basis for the development of parenting.

Both Belsky (1980, 1993) and Azar (2001) agree that teen pregnancy is almost always multiply determined, with many factors interact to contribute to the emergence of violent behavior. Therefore, a risk assessment of different measures of risk areas at the same time can give a fuller picture of the characteristics associated with teenage pregnancies among teenage mothers to make assessments that are not combine multiple elements. In this study four contextual risk factors (social support, psychological adjustment of the mother, preparing the mother for parenting and child temperament) were examined in combination as predictors of teenage pregnancy teenage mothers.

Psychopathology of personality disorders or one or both parents has often been implicated in the development of adolescent reproductive (Azar, 1991; Wupe, 1987). More importantly, parents of teenagers tend to have more psychological problems than adult mothers (Wurtz Passino, et al, 1993). Therefore, reconceptualizing psychological risk for parents.